Drug and Pharmacy-Related Facts & Stats   

Pharmaceuticals: Utilization, Costs & Trends   

• 2009 Canadian Pharmaceutical Trends (IMS Health)
• Canada’s top 100 corporate R & D spenders 2009 (Re$earch Infosource) - List includes several pharmaceutical manufacturers
• Annual Statistical Report Supplement: Medical Services Insurance (MSI) Tables 2007 - 2008 (PDF) (Nova Scotia Department of Health)
• Annual Statistical Report Fiscal 2006-2007 (PDF) (Nova Scotia Department of Health)
• Generic Drug Sector Study (Competition Bureau Canada - October 2007)
• Generic Drugs in Canada: A Policy Paper (PDF) (Canadian Treatment Action Council - April 2007)

• Sullivan P. Prevention by the pound. CMAJ. 2010 Aug 30. [Epub ahead of print] Hanley GE, Morgan S, Barer M, Reid RJ. The redistributive effect of the move from age-based to income-based prescription drug coverage in British Columbia, Canada. Health Policy. 2011 Jan 19.

• Guertin JR, Jackevicius CA, Cox JL et al. The potential economic impact of restricted access to angiotensin-receptor blockers. CMAJ. 2011 Jan 24th. 

• Canadian Institute for Health Information (CIHI)

United States:

• Purvis L, Schondelmeyer S. Rx watchdog report: Brand name drug prices continue to climb despite low general inflation rate. Insight on the Issues [Washington DC; AARP]. 2010 May; 43:1-13.

• Results from the 2009 National Survey on Drug Use and Health:  Volume I.  Summary of national findings.  Rockville MD:  U.S. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 2010.

• Effects of using generic drugs on Medicare’s prescription drug spending:  A CBO study.  Washington DC:  Congress of the United States.  Congressional Budget Office; September 2010.

• Herper, M. America’s most popular drugs. Forbes. May 11, 2010.
• Soni A.  Expenditures for the top five therapeutic classes of outpatient prescription drugs, Medicare beneficiaries, age 65 and older, 2007.  MEPS Statistical Brief [US AHRQ]. 2010 Feb;#280:1-5.
• Stagnitti, M. Trends in outpatient prescription gastrointestinal agents purchases and expenditures for the U.S. civilian noninstitutionalized population, 1997 and 2007. Medical Expenditure Panel Survey. January 2010.
• Drugtrend Report: Solving the healthcare cost/quality equation. Vol.12. Orlando FL: Medco Health Solution; 2010.
• Outlook 2010 (PDF) (Tufts Center for the Study of Drug Development) - 2000-2009 reports are available upon request
• Prescription Drug Trends 2010 Fact Sheet (PDF) (Kaiser Family Foundation) - 2003-2010 fact sheets are also available
• Brand Name and Specialty Drug Prices Continue to Climb (PDF) (AARP Rx Watchdog Report - May 2010)
• Siwek J. Drug Pricing in AFP-How Much Does a Drug Cost? Am Fam Physician. 2010 Jan 15;81(2):125.
• Prescription drugs.  In:  Health, United States, 2009 with special feature on medical technology.  Hyattsville MD:  US National Center for Health Statistics; 2009, pages 94-6.
• Zhang Y, Adams AS, Ross-Degnan D et al.  Effects of prior authorization on medication discontinuation among Medicaid beneficiaries with bipolar disorder.  Psychiatr Serv. 2009 Apr;60(4):520-7.
• Keyhani S, Federman A.  Fact or fiction:  The need for independent pharmaceutical policy research.  J Gen Intern Med. 2009 Apr 3.
• Purvis L, Schondelmeyer SW, Gross DJ.  Rx watchdog report:  Trends in manufacturer prices of prescription drugs used by medicare beneficiaries:  2008 year-end update.  Washington DC:  AARP Public Policy Institution; April 2009.
• Trends in outpatient prescription analgesics utilization and expenditures for the U.S. civilian noninstitutionalized population, 1996 and 2006 (PDF) (Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality - February 2009)
• The top five therapeutic classes of outpatient prescription drugs ranked by total expense for adults age 18 and older in the U.S. civilian non-institutionalized population, 2006 (PDF) (Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality - January 2009)
• Felland LE, Reschovsky JD.  More nonelderly American face problems affording prescription drugs.  Tracking Report [Center for Studying Health System Change; Washington DC]. 2009 Jan;No.22:[1-4].
• AAPCC 2008 Annual Report of the NPDS (PDF) (American Association of Poison Control Centers)
• Top 200 branded drugs by retail dollars in 2008 (PDF) (Drug Topics - May 26, 2009)
• Top 200 branded drugs by total prescriptions in 2008 (PDF) (Drug Topics - May 26, 2009)
• Top 200 generic drugs by retail dollars in 2008 (PDF) (Drug Topics - May 26, 2009)
• Top 200 generic drugs by total prescriptions in 2008 (PDF) (Drug Topics - May 26, 2009)
• Top 200 OTC/HBC brands in 2007 (PDF) (Drug Topics - February 25, 2008)
• 2007 Statistics on CAM Use in the United States (National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine)

• Kelley RK, Venook AP. Nonadherence to imatinib during an economic downturn. N Engl J Med. 2010 Aug 5;363(6):596-8.

• Wagner AK, Graves AJ, Reiss SK et al. Access to care and medicines, burden of health care expenditures, and risk protection: Results from the World Health Survey. Health Policy. 2010 Sep 7.

• Baldini CG, Culley EJ. Estimated cost savings associated with the transfer of office-administered specialty pharmaceuticals to a specialty pharmacy provider in a medical injectable drug program. J Manag Care Pharm. 2011-Feb;17(1):51-9.

• The use of medicines in the United States: Review of 2010. Parsippany NJ: IMS Institute for Healthcare Informatics; 2011.Subbaraman N. Flawed arithmetic on drug development costs. Nat Biotechnol. 2011 May;29(5):381.

• Doloresco F, Fominaya C, Schumock GT et al. Protecting future drug expenditures - 2011. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2011 May 15;68(10): 921-32.

• Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS). 1999 - 2009: National Admissions to Substance Abuse Treatment Services. DASIS Series: S-56, HHS Publication No. (SMA) 11-4646. Rockville MD: US Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration; 2011.

International

• Prescriptions (UK NHS Information Centre)
• Yang W.  Biotech braves the winter in 1Q09.  Nat Biotechnol.  2009 May;27(5):410.
• News release: IMS health lowers 2009 global pharmaceutical market forecast to 2.5 – 3.5 percent growth. Norwalk CT: IMS Health; April 22, 2009.
• Goodman M.  Market watch:  Specialty pharmaceuticals to provide majority of sales by 2012. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2009 Mar;8(3):184.
• Goodman M.  Market watch:  Pharma industry strategic performance: 2007-2012E.  Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2008 Dec;7(12):967.
• Mehrpouya A et al for RiskMetrics Group - ESG Analytics. Access to medicine index 2010. Haarlem The Netherlands: Access to Medicine Foundation; June 2010
• Kanavos P, Vandoros S, Irwin R et al. Differences in costs of and access to pharmaceutical products in the EU. Brussels: European Parliament. Policy Department Economic and Scientific Policy; 2011.

Pharmacy   

• Employer Health Benefits 2009 Annual Survey (Kaiser Family Foundation)
• Comparing population characteristics of persons purchasing prescribed drugs from mail order pharmacies with persons purchasing prescribed drugs from other outlets, 2005 (PDF) (Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality - February 2008)
• Paglia-Boak A, Mann RE, Adlaf EM, Rehm J. Drug Use Among Ontario Students, 1977-2009: Detailed OSDUHS findings (CAMH Research Document Series No. 27). Toronto, ON: Centre for Addiction and Mental Health; 2009. 
• Paglia-Boak A, Mann RE, Adlaf EM et al. The Mental Health and Well-being of Ontario Students, 1991-2009: Detailed OSDUHS findings (CAMH Research Document Series No. 29). Toronto, ON: Centre for Addiction and Mental Health; 2010.  

• An international survey on pharmacists’ views on their changing roles.  Supported by a grant from Pfizer in collaboration with FIP.  The Hague NE:  International Pharmaceutical Federation (FIP); August 2010, Powerpoint® presentation.

• Van Puymbroeck RV. Basic survival needs and access to medicines - coming to grips with TRIPS: Conversion + calculation. J Law Med Ethics. 2010 Sep;38(3):520-49.

• Pope TM. Legal briefing:  Conscience clauses and conscientious refusal. J Clin

  Ethics. 2010 Summer;21(2):163-76.

• Friedman AJ, Cosby R, Boyko S et al. Effective Teaching Strategies and Methods of Delivery of Patient Education: A Systematic Review and Practice Guideline Recommendations. J Cancer Educ. 2010 Dec 16.

• Lucado J, Paez K, Elixhauser A. Medication-Related Adverse Outcomes in U.S.
  Hospitals and Emergency Departments, 2008: Statistical Brief #109. 2011 Apr.
  Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) Statistical Briefs [Internet].
  Rockville (MD): Agency for Health Care Policy and Research (US); 2006 Feb-.
  

 Pharmacist Work Force

• Occupational Outlook Handbook: Pharmacist (United States Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2010-2011 Edition)
• Distribution and Internal Migration of Canada's Pharmacist Workforce (Canadian Institute for Health Information - April 7, 2010)
• 2009 Global Pharmacy Workforce Report (International Pharmaceutical Federation)
• Walton SM, Knapp KK, Miller L, Schumock GT. Examination of state-level changes in the pharmacist labor market using Census data. J Am Pharm Assoc (2003). 2007 May-Jun;47(3):348-57. (Available free through Medscape)
• Pharmacists most trusted profession. HealthEdition.com. Jan 21, 2011.

Pharmacy as a Career

• Career Options: Pharmacists (Nova Scotia Labour & Workforce Development)

Health Care   

Canada:

• Orpana HM, Ross N, Feeny D et al.  The natural history of health-related quality of life:  A 10-year cohort study. Health Reports [Statistics Canada].  2009 Mar;20(1):1-7.
• National issues of concern:  What is your most important national issue of concern [Unprompted] (NANOS Research - March 28, 2009)
• Marrett LD, De P, Airia P, Dryer D.  Cancer in Canada in 2008.  Steering committee of Canadian cancer statistics 2008.  CMAJ. 2008 Nov 18;179(11):1163-70.
• Promoting innovative solutions to health human resources challenges. Report of the Standing Committee on Health, Joy Smith, Chair. Ottawa, ON: House of Commons, 40th Parliament, 3rd Session; June 2010.
• Study: Beverage consumption by children and adults (The Daily, Statistics Canada - November 19, 2008)

• Skinner BJ, Rovere M. Canada's Medicare Bubble: Is government health spending sustainable without user-based funding? Studies in healthcare policy. Vancouver BC: Fraser Institute; April 2011.

• IMS Health Canada

United States:

• Early Release of Selected Estimates Based on Data from the 2008 National Health Interview Survey (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention - June 24, 2009)
• Medicaid and the uninsured:  American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (AARA):  Medicaid and health care provisions (Kaiser Family Foundation - March 2009)
• Jemal A, Thun MJ, Ries LA et al.  Annual report to the nation on the status of cancer, 1975-2005, featuring trends in lung cancer, tobacco use, and tobacco control.  J Natl Cancer Inst. 2008 Dec 3;100(23):1672-94.
• Poll: Health coverage in an economic downturn: Impact of tight budgets on families and states (Kaiser Family Foundation - November 2008)

• Shrank WH, Liberman JN, Fischer MA, Girdish C, Brennan TA, Choudhry NK. Physician perceptions about generic drugs (January). Ann Pharmacother. 2011 Jan 4. [Epub ahead of print]

• Health, United States, 2010: With special feature on death and dying. Hyattsville MD: US National Center for Health Statistics; 2011.

International:

• OECD Health Data 2009
• Euro-Canada Health Consumer Index 2008 (Health Consumer Powerhouse/Frontier Centre for Public Study - January 21, 2008)
• Backman G, Hunt P, Khosla R et al.  Health systems and the right to health:  An assessment of 194 countries.  Lancet. 2008 Dec 13;372(9655):2047-85.

Cost of Health Care   

• Index results:  Here are the results from the first Sun Life Canadian Health Index. Toronto:  Sun Life Financial; accessed December 5, 2010.

United States:

• News Release:  Towers Perrin health care cost survey shows average annual per-employee cost of $9,660 in 2009 -- and the health care affordability gap widens:  High-performing companies again beat low performers on costs by double-digit percentages — informing policy debate with insights into what works in health care (Towers Perrin - September 24, 2008)
• Trade-offs getting tougher:  Problems paying medical bills increase for U.S. Families, 2003-2007 (Center for Studying Health System Change Tracking Report No. 21 - September 2008)
• Out-of-pocket costs grow in Medicare part D (Avalere - December 11, 2008)
• Hartman M, Martin A, McDonnell P, Catlin A. National Health Expenditure Accounts Team.  National health spending in 2007:  Slower drug spending contributes to lowest rate of overall growth since 1998. Health Aff (Millwood). 2009 Jan-Feb;28(1):246-61. 
• Lund JL, Yabroff KR, Ibuka Y et al.   Inventory of Data Sources for Estimating Health Care Costs in the United States. Med Care. 2009 Jun 16. [Epub ahead of print].
• Davis K, Schoen C, Stremikis K. Mirror, mirror on the wall: How the performance of the U.S. healthcare system compares internationally, 2010 update. Washington DC: Commonwealth Fund; June 2010.

• Occupational Employment Statistics.  Occupational employment and wages, May 2009:  29-1051 pharmacists.  Washington DC:  U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics; last modified May 14, 2010.

• Featherstone H, Whitham L.  The cost of cancer.  London:  Policy Exchange; February 2010.

• Roebuck MC, Liberman JN, Gemill-Toyama M, Brennan TA. Medication Adherence Leads to Lower Healthcare Use and Costs Despite Increased Drug Spending. Health Aff (Millwood). 2011 Jan ;30(1): 91-9.